Cell Cycle Lessons

Module 4 – Energy, Control and Continuity<= o:p>

Links to Teaching Resources

Jump to: Respiration, Photosynthesis, Ne= rvous system, Eye, Brain, Muscle, Homeostasis, Hormones, Excretion, Meiosis, Genetics, Classification= , Evolution.

      Countdown= Timer from Echalk. Very Useful!

Metabolism

      Nich= olson’s Metabolic Pathway Chart (local) also online from Sigma-Aldrich big pdf file). Also Nicholson minimaps= from University College Dublin.

      KEGG metabolic pathway database

      Metabolic pathways from Raven

      Biochemical pathways and Feedback inhibition from Mader, showing basic principles

      Metabolism from blobs.org

      Introduction to metabolism from Boyer (choose introduction to metabolism).

      Location of metabolic reactions from Boyer (choose metabolic process location).<= /p>
      Label Mitochondria and respiration from Mader

      Aerobic a= nd anaerobic respiration from Thomas Terry

      Cell Respiration from the B= iology Place

      Energy release from Starr

Resp= iration

Glycolysis

      = Glycolysis from Mader. Good.

      Glycolysis from Starr. Good.

      Respiration stages with ATP yield from Starr and more complex version

      Glycolysis from blobs.org

      glycolys= is drag-and-drop quiz from zerbio

      Glycolysis= in detail from Lehninger. Too complex.

Krebs Cycle

      = Krebs cycle from Mader

      Krebs cycle from A= lberts (local). Detailed, but quite nice.

      Krebs Cycle from Boyer (choose citric acid cycle). Interactive animations. Qu= ite nice.

      Krebs cycle from Starr. Not as good as Mader.

      Krebs cycle<= /a> from blobs.org

      Krebs cycle in detail from Lehninger (local). Too complex.

      Krebs Cycle quiz from Brooks/Cole. Way too complicated.

      Krebs= cycle drag-and-drop quiz from Zerobio

      NAD from Mader, showing how it works.

Respiratory Chain

      Respiratory c= hain from MCBE. Beautiful 3D animation – must show! Can take a long time to load but be patient.

      Respiratory chain from Raven. Nice.

      Respiratory chain from Mader. Very similar= to Raven.

      Re= spiratory chain from LifeWire. Nice.

      Respiratory chain from Suamanas

      Respiratory chain from Starr. Rather nice.

      Respiratory chain from Powers. Old.

      Respira= tory chain from BrooksCole. Interactive, hands-on animation including detail= s of redox reactions. Not as pretty as others.

      Respiratory chain= from Alberts. Good, but doesn’t include ATP synthase.

      Respiratory chain from Boyer (choose oxidative phosphorylation).

      Respi= ratory chain in detail from Lehninger. Not as good as others.

      Respiratory = chain from blobs.org

      Respirat= ory chain animation (crude).

ATP synthase

      3D ATP synthase from MCBE Virtual Cell. Beautiful 3D animation. Can take a long time to load but be patient.

      3D ATP synthase animation from Alberts ECB (local). With narration – brilliant.

      3D ATP synthase animation. No narration. Similar to Alberts but a bit more detail.

      ATP syn= thase information and animation from Donald Nicholson. Quite detailed, but not as good as others.

      ATP synthase animation from St Olaf’s. Crude.

      = Proton pumps from Mader.

Others

      Fatty acid metabolism from Lehninger. Not needed, but quite useful.

      Ch= emiosmosis experiments from LifeWire. Not needed, but interesting.

      Anaerobic respiration from Starr

      Repiratory substrates from Starr

      Oxidative Respiratyion from Johnson Exploratorium

Phot= osynthesis

Overviews

      Photo= synthesis from Virginia Tech. Nice zooming into leaf to thylakoid, although animation= is a bit dull.

      Photosynthsis summary from Starr. Nice drag and drop finale.

      Ph= otosynthesis and oxygen from LifeWire. Interactive animation about the source of oxy= gen. Good introduction.

      Leaves and photosynthesis from Wright. Covers everything.

      Photosynthesis from Boyer (choose photosynthesis).

Light-Dependent Reactions

      Li= ght Reactions from LifeWire. Good, with quiz at end.

      Light Reactions from Starr, with quiz at end. Very good.

      Light Reactions from Benjamin Cuimmings. Simple but good.

      Light Reactions from Raven. OK, but doesn’t include ATP synthase.

      Light reactions from Sumanas. OK, but fairly dull. (Also Local from Albert= s)

      Light reactions fr= om John Kyrk. Nice, but too detailed.

      Light Recations from Mader. Z-scheme for both cyclic and non-cyclic reactions – don’t use.

      Light reactions animation from Lehninger. Too detailed, uses z-scheme.

      Cyclic photophosphorylation from Starr. Not needed.

      Light reactions from Starr. Z-scheme.

Light-Independent Reactions

            Calvin cycle animation from Cummings. Very good.

      Calvin cycle animation from = Smith College. Step-by-st= ep animation. OK

      Ca= lvin’s experiment from LifeWire. Very nice – must show.

      Dark reactions movie from Lehninger. Too detailed.

      Calvin cycle from Starr. OK.

Others

      Chloroplasts from Mader

      Chloroplasts from= Cells Alive

      Information about Chlor= ophyll by Paul May.

      Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis from the Biology Place

      P= hotosynthesis from Estrella Mountain Community = College

      Photosystem React= ion Centre from Alberts

      Photosynthesis fro= m MIT hypertextbook. Boring, but useful background information for teachers.

      Photosynthesis from Johnson Exploratorium

      Photosynthesis Gizmo from ExploreLearning

      Electromagnetic spectrum from Mader

      Electromagnetic spectrum from Starr

<= /a>Nerv= ous System

Organisation<= o:p>

      Nervous System from ADAM. Beautiful diagrams and overview of whole thing.

      Human nervous system from Starr

      Autonomic nervous system from Starr, showing sympathetic and parasympathetic acti= ons

      Ne= rvous system from GetBodySmart

      Skin structure from Starr

      Neurobiology le= cture notes from David Njus, Wayne State University). Very good for background.

      Neuroscience for= kids from Eric Chudler

      The Nervous System from The Ha= rvey project

      The Organisation of the Nervous system from SEER

      = Nervous quiz from Jensen

      Nervo= us system from Western kentuky

Reflexes

      Reflex response from ADAM (man in kitchen). Very simple and very funny.

      Reflex arc from Sumanas. Good introduction, comparing reflex to more complex learned response. Very nice.

      Refl= ex arc from Sumanas and Lifewire. More detail (about dog). Very good.

      Reflex from Starr. About muscle feedback loop holding a bowl steady. OK.

      Reflex Arc from Powers (choose reflex arc). Not as good as Sumanas.

      Reflex arc (local). Simple animated diagram.

Neur= ones

Structure

      Nerve ce= ll powerpoint.

      3D neurone animation. Groovy, though doesn’t do anything.

      Nerve structure from Starr. Good on nerves as bundles of axons.

      Neurone structure and function from Starr including ion channels

      Nerve cells = and impulses from blobs.org

      Three kinds of neurone motor neurone, axon, from John Wiley

      Neurones growing 1 = and 2 movies from Alberts ECB (local).

      Nerve signalling from NobelPrizes. Silly game.

      Label nervous system and brain from Mader.

      Label skin from Mader

      Nervous Tissue Slides= from Loyola Virtual Histology

      Neurobiology from Rediscovering Biology. Many images and animations, but don’t wor= k!

Plymouth Squid Movies

These show some of the historic experiments that disco= vered the action potential.

      Plymou= th Squid movie 1 – dissection

      = Plymouth Squid movie 2 – removing nerve

      P= lymouth Squid movie 3 – cleaning axon

            Plymouth Squid movie 5 – perfusion

      Squid Movies at Smith College. Source of = above.

Membrane Potential

      Sodium-potassium pump animation (local) also online from Raven. Good. Also Mader.

      Sodium Potassium pump from BrooksCole

      Resti= ng potential from Lifewire (also di= fferent version ). Detailed, but very nice.

      Sodium-potassium pump from Alberts ECB (local). Too detailed.

Action Potential

      Resting potential and action potential . Two animations from Sumanas. Both very good, explaining AP graph.

      Action potential animation from LifeWire (also di= fferent version). Nice step-by-step animation showing events at each stage. Explains AP graph. Best.

      Action potential animation (local) also online from Raven. Good.

      Action potential animation from Matthews. Interactive. Nice.

      Action potential from Starr. Quite nice.

      Action potential from Powers (choose action potential)

      Action potential animation from Alberts. Includes propagation. OK.

      Propagation of action potential animation (local) also online from Raven and Mader . Good, but un-myelinated only.

      Saltatory= propagation from Matthews. Good for showing both normal and saltatory propagation.

      Frequency of action potentials from Starr. Very simple but shows effect of stimul= us strength on frequency.

      Action potential in cardiac muscle cells (local)

Synapses

      3D synapse. Groovy image, but doesn’t actually do anything.

      Synapses from Alber= ts. Very nice for EM of synapse structure. A must – shows real size and s= hape of synapse.

      Synapse animation (local) also       Synapse animation from Sumanas. Very good – best.

      Synapse activity movie from Alberts (local). Real cells observed firing with calcium dye.

      Synapse animation from Lehninger (local). Good.

      Synapse animation from Longmans. OK.

      Synapse neuroreceptors from Sumanas. Very advanced, but could be worth showing = to illustrate different receptors and synapse conditioning.

      Chemical-gated sodium channel (local)

Eye<= o:p>

Structure

      In= teractive eye from ADAM

      Eye structure from Starr

      Eye Photos 1, 2, 3. from Dewsbury hospital=

      Eye anatomy from animation.com

      Label the eye from Mader

      label parts of the eye from John Wiley

      Cow eye diss= ection from San Francisco Exploratorium

      Accommo= dation movie (local)

      Parts of the Eye from Rochester<= /st1:City>

      Eye and retina fr= om Washington University

      Reti= na from ADAM

      Label rod and cone cells from John Wiley

      Vision Links<= /a> from Mark Dubin

Visual Transduction

      Retinal isomerisation from Lehninger. Illustrates Cis-Trans change.

      Retinal bleaching molecular model. (local). Illustrates Cis-trans change, as molecular model.

      Photois= omerisation of rhodopsin by Matthews. Good, but speed all wrong.

      Visual Transduction from Lehninger (local). Complex, but good for showing visu= al transduction.

      Visual Transduct= ion from Utah= State (local). Similar to Lehninge= r, but not as good.

      Receptive fields in the retina from Sumanas. Good at first for retina anatomy, bu= t then gets too complicated!

      Vi= sual processing in the retina from LifeWire. Too complicated.

      Rhodopsin bleaching (local)

Optical Illusions

      The blind spot web page.

      Blind spot from Serendip

      Optical Illusions from echalk.

      Optical Illu= sions from the Bristol Exploratorium

      Rotating Snakes optical Illusion. This image is not moving!

      Pink = Spot Optical Illusion

      Sixty Four Optical Illusions from Michael Bach. Fantastic.

      Fun Things optical illusions

      Ishihara Tests for colour blindness

General eye background

      Webvision. Amazingly detailed site about sight.

      Retina Research from the Uni= versity of Vienna. Some nice photos of rod cells etc.

      Perception tutorials<= /a> from Hanover College, including receptive field= s.

      H= ow we see Boring website from Access Excellence. OK for background.

      Hyperphysics Vision from Georga State University

      Colour vision from Colour Matters

      Opthalmology from = Toronto

      Eye images and animations from the Alcon Institute

Other Senes

      Hair cells 1 and 2 from A= lberts ECB (local)

      = Ear (local)

      Feeling pain from ADAM

Brai= n

Structure and functional areas

      = Interactive skull from ADAM

      Brain= from ADAM

      Brain components from ADAM

      3D Brain from 3Dscience

      Brain structure and function from Starr. Just labelling.

      Label parts of the brain and functional areas from John Wiley

      MRI scan ga= me from InsideStory

      T= he secret life of the brain from PBS

      Brain Connections. Several animations

      = Brain connection website and image galle= ry

      Brain neuroscience from Washington University

      The Human Brain from The Virtual Body (choose English > The Human Brain)=

Visual Processing

      Brain Areas and Visual Processing powerpoint from GFR (local).

      Visual pathways from Sumanas. Very good (long) animation on details of visual processing through brain. Must show.

      Visual pathways f= rom Washington University

      Seei= ng, hearing and smelling the world from HHMI. Lots of information on brain processing of sensory input, including colour vision and visual processing.=

      FMRI animation from Pittsburg (local) and onlin= e from Pittsburg

      The joy of visual perception web book by Peter Kaiser

Comprehension

      Brain areas from Princeton. Lovely page us= ing brain imaging to show Broca’s and Wernike’s areas. Very useful.=

      Language processin= g from Neuroscience for kids. Web page showing information pathways through different brain areas.

      Sleep and language= from Washington University

Other Brain Sites

      Cerebral Corte= x lecture. On-line slide show. Could have useful images.

      Brain s= troke. Medical animation showing how a blood clot causes a stroke. No narration, b= ut very pretty.

      Neuroscience for= kids. Despite the name, this is very good site for students to access themselves, with lots of appropriate information.

      Phineas Gage information. Lots of information about the man with the big hole in his hea= d.

      = Split brain experiments from Nobelprize. Silly.

      The animated brain<= /a> from Brainviews

      PET and brain function from UCLA

      Brain cross-secti= on from Earthlink

      The Human Brain from Virtual Body Map

Musc= le

Structure

      Muscle picture powerpoint.

      Skeletal muscle structure from ADAM. Very nice.

      Muscle ultrastructure from Histology Learning Systems. Very nice pictures.

      Structure and mechanism of Muscle from Powers (choose detailed striated muscle contraction). Old.

      Muscle = structure and crossbridge cycle from Keeley. OK, but not best.

      Muscle struc= ture and mechanism from blobs.org.

      Mu= scle tutorials from GetBodySmart. Nice stuff here.

      Label muscle from Mader

      Label a muscle cell from John Wiley

      Muscle tissue slide= s from Loyola Virtual Histology

      Bone and Muscle from Western kentuky

      = Myofibrils from Starr

      = Sarcomere from Starr

      Thin filament structure. Animation. Nice.

      Think filament reconstruction from UCSF (local)

Types of musc= le

      Muscle types from ADAM

      Muscle types from Starr

Antagonistic = muscles

      Biceps and Triceps from Starr. Simple.

Mechanism

      Muscle sarcomere shortening movie (local). Brilliant for showing how banding pattern changes during contraction.

      Muscle mechanism (local) also online from Raven. Nice and clea= r.

      Crossbr= idge cycle (local) also online from Mader

      Cro= ss-bridge cycle animation from Alberts ECB (Local). Excellent animation of a sing= le crossbridge in detail.

      from McKinley (McGraw-Hill)

      Crossbridge cycle (local) (also online from S= an Diego State). Nice 3D animation.

      Muscle contraction movie (local) also online from Starr (v big quicktime download). Nice.

      Crossbirdge cycle from Starr. Good.

      Crossbridge cycle from Powers (choose actin-myosin crossbridges). Bit old but nice.=

      Mu= scle contraction from Lifewire. From Structure to crossbridge cycle. OK.

      Structure and mechanism of muscle from Brooks/Cole

      Sa= rcomere shortening from 3dot studio. Crude.

      How Muscles Work from HowStuffWorks

      The Myosin Home Pa= ge from the MRC

Neuromuscular Junction

      Switching on contraction from Powers (choose muscle contraction action potential). Nice.

      Sy= napse from Lifewire. Actually neuromuscular junction.

      Structure of a neuromuscular junction from John Wiley

      Neuromuscular junction (local) also online from Raven and online from Mader.

      Neuromuscular junction from Starr

E-C coupling

      E-C coupling from Mader

      E-C coupling from McGraw-Hill (local)

      E-C coupli= ng and cross-bridge cycle from Matthews. Good too.

      E-C co= upling from Utah= State. Quite simple, but OK.

      E-C coupling in cardiac muscle (local)

      = Muscle contraction from Alberts (local). Good for E-C coupling.

      Stimulating muscles from Starr, showing tetanus. Not needed.

Other Muscle Stuff

      Sm= ooth muscle from Lifewire

      Muscle innervation (motor units) by Keeley

      Crawling actin experiment from Alberts ECB (local).

      Molecular Motors from University of Leeds

      Kinesin motility cycle from Alberts ECB (local). Not needed, but can compare wi= th myosin cycle.

      Ki= nesin motility from Utah State

      Muscle from The Harvey Project. Doesn’t work!

      Muscular System from SEER

      Muscles quiz from Jensen

Home= ostasis

Temperature Homeostasis

      Temp= erature homeostasis from Lifewire. Good, focussing on the hypothalamus.

      Te= mperature homeostasis from Starr. American footballer. Poor.

      Skin receptors from John Wiley. Label diagram.

Glucose Homeostasis

      Negative feedback from ADAM, focussing on sugar homeostasis.

      Gl= ucose homeostasis from Lifewire (also 8^th ed)

      Glucose Homeostasis from Powers

      Glucose homeostasis from Starr

      Insulin and Glucagon from Lee Crompton

      Diabetes from Mader showing glucose graphs.

      What is Diabetes? From Diabetes UK

      Blood sugar regulation in diabetes from Mckinley

      Bl= ood glucose simulation software from AIDA

Water Homeostasis

      Water homeostasis from Starr

      Sw= eating from ADAM

General Homeostasis

      Negative feedback from Starr

      Hy= pothalamus and negative feedback from Lifewire

      Positive and Negative feedback (local) also online from Mader Also from McKinley=

      Negative feed= back drag-and-drop from zerobio

Horm= ones

Endocrine glands

      Endocrine glands from ADAM

      Endocrine glands from Starr

      Label the endocrine system from Mader

      Location of endocrine glands from John Wiley

      Endocrine system from SEER

      Endocrine quiz from Jensen

      Endocrine system drag-and-drop quiz from zerobio

Hormone mecha= nism

      Second messenger animation from Raven. Worth showing to illustrate how hormone receptors work. Also Mader

      Hormone animations from Raven. Three animations, showing mechanism of steroids, thyroxine, and adrenaline (epinephrine). Not needed, but could be used.

      Adre= naline action from Lifewire. Complex, and not as good as others.

      Membrane receptor 1 (local). Not needed.

      Membrane receptor 2 (local). Not needed, but quite nice to illustrate complexity= of cell signalling.

      Hormone animations from Powers.

      Hormone signalling from Boyer (choose signal transduction).

      Steroid hormone mechanism from Starr

      Steroid hormones and the cell cycle from Madder

      Peptide hormones from Starr

      Hormonal Communication from McKinley

      Adrenaline action from Sumanas

      In= tracellular receptor mechanism (local)

Pituitary hor= mones

      Hormones and the Pituitary from Mader

      Pituitary gland and hormones from Starr

      Poterior pituitary gland from Starr

      Hypothalamus and pituitary hormones from Starr

Excr= etion

Kidney Struct= ure

      Kidney structure from Starr. Very good, with anatomy quiz at end.

      Label the urinary system from Mader. Three labelling quizzes: urinary system, kidney, nephron. Quite detailed, but good for A-level.

      Nephron labelling activity from Pearson. Simple but nice.

      Kidney anatom= y from Wisconsin Online. Quite nice, with detailed anatomy quiz at end.

      Label Urinary system, kidney, nephron 1, nephron2, Bowman’s capsule, and bladder from John Wiley

      Nephron structure from Starr. Click on the bits.

      Anatomy of Ur= inary System from Wiley. Go to Bottom of page. Various drag-and-drop labelling activities. Not as good as others.

      Kidney Tubule cartoon from Leif Saul (GCSE)

      Urinary system anatomy from Starr. Very simple, GCSE

      Renal Tissue slides from Loyola Virtual Histology

      Kidney tutorial= s from GetBodySmart. Nice, but not really relevant

      Urinary System from SEER. Background information.

      Kidney stones from ADAM

      = Urinary quiz from Jensen

Kidney Mechanism

      Kidney from Sumanas. Very good – focussing on LOH and concentrating urin= e. Also from Lifewire

      Loop of Henle tutorial from Pearson. Very complicated.

      Renal phys= iology from MMI. Lots here, detailed.

      Kidney function (local) and online from Starr (big download). 3D animation overview, but no details.

      Basic Renal Processes (local) and onlin= e from Utah State. Simple overview of kidney mechanism.

      Ren= al clearance (local) and onlin= e from Utah State. Complex.

      Kidney target quiz from Zerobio.

      Urine concentration = in the kidney by Dr Saul

      Aldosterone and the kidney (local)

Bladder

      Bla= dder and Urination from ADAM

      Mict= urition (local) also online from McKinley (McGraw-Hill)

      Micturition from Connecticut College. The exploding bladder one= . Simple, but fun.

      Micturition from RnCeus. Complex.

Meio= sis

Meiosis<= /o:p>

      Meiosis morphed movie (local). Only movie showing a real cell (almost).

      3D Meiosis animation . Very nice. Shows crossing over and stages at right level.

      Summary of Meiosis from Raven. Good introduction on main features without the details. Also from Mader.

      Comparison of Meiosis and Mitosis from Raven. Very good. Also slightly different version from Mader.

      Mader.

      Stages of Meiosis from Starr. Click on each stage to see photos or diagrams. O= K.

      Meiosis ani= mation (local) and on= line from Starr (big download). 3D animation. OK.

      Meiosis and Mito= sis from Nova Online (or again here). Step-b= y-step animations. OK.

      Mitosis and me= iosis from Dr Saul’s Biology in motion. Drag-and-drop chromosomes through mitosis or meiosis. Good test.

Genetic recombination

      Independent Assortment from Starr. Simple introduction

      = Crossing over from Starr. Very nice introduction

      Independent Assortment from Raven (choose Random Orientation of Chromosomes). Good animation showing number of permutations.

      Independent Assortment from Sumanas. Good.

      Crossing over review from Starr

      Meiosis recombination worksheet with answers (local)

Less Useful

      = Meiosis from Alberts (local). Detailed, starting with fertilisation.

      Meiosis from Freeman (local). OK.

      Meiosis from Vodopich. 3D animation, but not especially good.

      Me= iosis from LifeWire. OK, but not as good as others.

      Meiosis from Kyrk. OK, but not as good as others.

      Meiosis f= rom Cincinnati Clermont College

      Meiosis from cells Alive. Not as good as others.

      Meiosis (local). Very detailed, with no narration. Good for background, but too advanced to show.

      Meiosis information from Hamburg<= /st1:place>. Good for background information.

      Meiosis Tutorial from Arizona Biology Project.

      Mitosis and meiosis experiments from The Biology Place. Complex.

      Independent Assortment from Freeman (local). OK.

      In= dependent Assortment from LifeWire. OK.

      Cr= ossing Over and non-linked alleles from LifeWire. Not needed.

      Crossing Over fr= om Alberts (local). Very pretty, but very advanced, showing single strand cros= sing over and Holiday junction. Don’t u= se.

      Crossing Over details from Freeman (local). Too detailed, but explains Alberts animation.

      Crossing over anima= tion of Holiday Junction

      Cross= ing Over from Freeman (local). OK.

Gene= tics

General<= /o:p>

      Genetics Introduction PowerPoint by YNG

      Genetics Introduction PowerPoint by BAL

      History of Mendel’s work from = Hamburg. Good background. Includes Me= ndel’s Original paper

      Mendel= Web. Bit old now, but could have some useful background.

      Classical geneti= cs history from DNA from the beginning

      Mendelian Genetics= from Hypertextbook. OK, but dull.

Monhybrid Crosses

      Revision of genetic terms from Starr

      U= nderstanding pedigree diagrams from Starr. Simple.

      Monhybrid cross from Starr

      Stapdragon crosses from Starr

      Monohybrid inheritance 1-homozygous dominance , 2-= heterozygous, 3-homozygous recessive<= /a> from Modern Genetic Analysis. Quite nice.

      Me= ndel’s Peas from Biologica. Nice idea, but confusing.

      Pu= nnett Squares virtual lab from McGraw Hill. Very hands-on, but quite complica= ted.

      Monhybrid Cross Quiz from Arizona Biology Project.

      Inheritance of human b= lood groups. Quite interesting.

Sex Determination and Linkage

      Sex Determination PowerPoint by BAL

      X= -linked inheritance from Starr

      X chromosome inactivation in cats from Starr

      Se= x-linked traits virtual lab from Mcgraw-Hill

      Sex Linked Inheritance Quiz from Arizona Biology Project. OK

      = Sex Determination from HHMI Biointeractive. Some different animations about the sex chromosom= es. Interesting for background.

      Sex determination from HHMI (local). Shows pairing of X and Y chromosomes a= nd fertilisation to form male or female embryos. Interesting, but to required.= No sound.

      Sickle cell anaemia from Starr. Long and detailed animation showing inheritanc= e, symptoms and mutation in detail. Nice.

      Sickle cell from Alberts ECB (local) showing mutation and mechanism, but not inheritance

      Sickle cell anaemia inheritance in a family from channel 4. Play the role of a genetic counsellor.

Dihybrid Crosses

      Dihybrid cross from Starr. OK.

      D= ragon genetics from Biologica. Fun, but complicated.

Less Useful

      Mendelian Monohybrid cross from North Harris College. Not very good.

      Mendelian Genetics from Philip McClean. OK.

      Genetics of Organisms from The = Biology Place. Complicated

      Mutant Fruit Flies from San Franc= isco Exploratorium. Useful for drosphila experiments.

      Hardy-Weinberg from Kardong

      Bug Lab from Channel4

      Mouse genetics gizmo from Explore Learning

      Heredity in Families from Johnson Exporatorium

Clas= sification

Five Kingdoms=

      6-Kingdom Tree of Life from Starr. Good.

      5 Kingdoms from N= atural Perspective photos and information about 4 of the 5 kingdoms (not prokaryot= es)

      The Tree of Life from Uni= versity of Arizona. Beautif= ul.

      Biodiversity Refe= rence from University of Paisley. Classif= ies by 7 Kingdoms and habitats.

      Classification from Palomar College. Principles of classificat= ion explained, in terms of 5 Kingdoms.

      Families of Living Things from The Franklin Institute. Lots of stuff and links.

      Names and Classification from Backyard nature. Kid-friendly site.

Thee Domains<= o:p>

      Interactive three domains from Starr, with information about each group.

      Thre= e Domains from LifeWire and new version

      The Three D= omains from UCMP.

      T= hree Domain family tree from UC Berkeley

      Characteristics of 3 domains pdf (local)

      Life on Ear= th from Berkeley Museum of paleontology, classified= by 3 domains.

Specific Grou= ps

      Hyperbolic Tree showing classification of plants – the future of classificat= ion

      Plant classification from Starr

      Animal Diver= sity Web from University of Michigan

      Animal Phyla from Bellarmine

      The Kingdom Fu= ngi by Tom Volk

      A= rchaea from Windows to the universe

      Eukaryota from Berkeley

Taxonomy=

      Lineus = from paleos

      Visualising the T= ree of Life from Rebecca Shapley. Comparing different representations.

      Phylogeneic tree from Lifewire

Evol= ution

General Evolution

      Evolution from pbs. Many nice pages for background research.

      Evolution Les= sons from pbs

      The Extnct= ion Files from the BBC. No animations (or even many pictures, but good info= ).

      Llama evolution from Starr

      The World of Richard Dawkins

      Museum of Paleontology at UC Berkeley

      Understanding Evolution<= /a>

      T= eaching Evolution online textbook

      Teaching evolution from Montana

      U= nderstanding evolution from Berkeley

      Lessons on evolutio= n from Indiana

      Evcolutio= n on the Web from Gendron

      Molecular = evolution by Nelson and here=

      Histrory of evolutionary thought from = Berkeley

      Evolution FAQ from New Scientist

      Evolution from Western Kentucky

Natural Selection

      Na= tural Selection from Lifewire. 3 kinds of selection (stabilising, directional, disruptive) illustrated using butterflies. Very good.

      Natural Selection animations showing directional, disruptive, and stabilising selection of butterflies from Starr. Not as good as Lifewire.

      = Natural selection webLab. Lovely demo of selection in birds, showing how small random changes can lead to different birds over time.

      Interactive peppered moth simulation from Starr. Be a predator of moths and demonstrate selective advantage in different coloured backgrounds. Nice.

      Interactive peppered moth simulation from echalk. Be a predator of moths and demonstrate selective advantage in different coloured backgrounds. Simpler = than Starr.

      Peppered moth animation from Kardong (choose microevolution)

      Genetic drift simulation in small populations from Starr. OK, but not really relevant.

      Ad= aptation and Natural Selection from Lifewire. Complicated and detailed lesson on “cost” of adaptations.

      Evol= ution of body shape from LifeWire. Not needed, but interesting illustrations = of how changes in HOX control genes can lead big changes in appearance of inse= cts.

Specific examples

      Transition to land from Cunningham. Very interesting.

      Evolution of land animals from Starr. More basic than Cunningham.

      Bird Evo= lution movie (local, or online from = Starr - big download.). Nice film about evolution of birds from Dinosaurs.

      Fi= nch evolution from Starr. Simple description of adaptive changes in two species.

      Evolution of jaws from Starr. Not relevant.

      Evolution of Jaws from Cunningham or from Kardong (choose Fish Jaws). Interesting.

      Evolution of sticklebacks (local) from HHMI. Quite interesting, showing evidence = for changing populations over time.

      Evolution of wheat from Starr

      Evolution of the horse from Kardong (choose Equus). Rubbish.

Speciation

      Speciation of Lizards from Wright. Very Good.

      Sp= eciation mechanisms from Lifewire. Spot-on animation with details of Allopatric, Sympatric and Parapatric speciation.

      Speciation in an Archipelago from Starr. Simple, but good.

      Sp= eciation and Founder Events from Lifewire. Not necessary, but interesting and probably worth showing.

Deep Time and Timelines

      Deep Tim= e movie from Six Degrees/Lulu TV. Odd, but nice 1-day analogy.

      The = wall of Time from LPI. Beautiful scrollable image showing evolution. Needs a high-res screen.

      Evolution timeline from John Kyrk. Quirky, but good. Needs a high-res screen.

      Evolution Timeline from BBC Bitesize (best for GCSE).

      The Cosmic = Clock from cosmicvoyage.org. Quite nice clickable timeline from the big bang to t= he present. Could be used for GCSE.

      Highway thro= ugh time from pbs. Simple but nice.

      = Tour Through Time from the Field museum Chicago

      Deep = Time from pbs. Clickable timeline showing major geological and biological events. OK.

      The Geological Time Machine from Berkeley. Lots of clickable information about different periods, but a bit dry.

      Geological Timeline= from Nova Scotia University. Another clickable time= line.

      Life through Geologic T= ime from Carl Wozniac. Another clickable timeline, though not as detailed as others.

      Evolutionary = and Geological Timelines from TalkOrigins. Good for detailed dates of impor= tant events.

      Evolution of the Universe from = Dayton University. Nice.
      Geologic Time f= rom US Geologic Survey. Lots of information, for background only. Includes evidence for age of the Earth.

      Life Through Time by Frans Lanting

      Toilet Paper geologic Time Scale. Lesson plan for illustrating deep time.

      Timeline project from Fresno. Instructions for a deep time paper strip.

      Geological Time from Paleos

      Carbon-14 dating from 101science. Information about carbon dating, including calculator.

      Radiometric dataing from TalkOrigins

      The age of= the Earth from Talkorigins

Fossils

      Fossil format= ion by Sherry Tutt

      Tril= obites. Fun site, including timeline from the trilobite point of view.

      Fossils of Nova Scotia

      University of California Museum of Paleontology

      Discovering Fossils from Discovering fossils

Origin of Life

      Evolution of life from Starr

      Miller-Urey experiment on the origin of life from Starr

      Interview with S= tanley Miller from Accessexcellence

      Pr= ebiotic molecules from LifeWire. Animation of the Miller-Urey experiment.

      Origin o= f life prize. Win!

      W= ere Bacteria the first forms of life on earth? Article from actionbioscienc= e

Continental Drift

      Continental Drift animation (and older version) from Lifewire (540MY to present). Nice.

      Pangaea from Worth (750MY to present). Very good.

      Opening of the Atal= ntic ocean from NovaScotia= University (200 MY = to present). Nice

      Earth History Maps from Paleomap. Lots of maps showing old positions of continents. Also future maps! 650MY to 250MY in future.

      Plate tectonics from Cunningham. Showing mechanism and changing maps from Pan= gaea to present. Good.

      Pl= ate Tectonics (local) or online from Kardong

      Continental Drift 1 750MY

      Continental Drift 2 200MY.

      Continental = Drift 3 180MY

      Continental drift from Starr

      Plate tectonic mechanism from Starr

      Plate Tectonic= s from Berkeley

      Continetnal = drift from NASA

      Continental drift animations 1 and 2 (local)

      Vertebrate evolution from Starr

      Carbon dating from Starr

      Evolution of plants from Starr

      Da= ting Dinosaur fossils game from Mader

      Molecular clock from Kardong (choose Molecular Clock)

Human Evolution

      Journey of Mankind = from the Bradshaw Foundation, showing radiation of early humans. Brilliant!

      Human and chimp skulls from Starr

      Human Evolution from ArcheologyInfo

      Hominid Species Timeline from Washington State University

      Hu= man Evolution from PBS

      Human Evolutio= n from PBS (different!)

      Human Evolution from = UCSB

      Human Evolution Timeline by Sergei Klimanov

      Human Evo= lution from Time.com

      Human Evolution from = UC Santa Barbara

      Huamn Evolution from handprint.com

      Human origins. Scho= larly website on human evolution.

      Be= coming Human. site

      The Journey of Mankind<= /a> from the Bradshaw foundation. Wonderful!

      Genetic origins = from Dolan DNA Learning centre. How DNA is used to investigate human evolution.<= /p>

Other Evolution Topics

      Evolution = 101 from UC Berkely. Fantastic site on evolution. Covers everything.

      Evolution f= rom UCMP. Huge portal linking to many excellent sites on evolution.

      Evolution from PBS. Huge website with loads of information on = Darwin and evolution.

      Evolution Quiz from Thinkquest

      = Galapagos islands from Starr

      Galapg= os Islands from PBS

      Natural Selection game Virtual Lab from Mader

      The Evol= ution Game from BBC

      Evolution Game of b= lue aliens from Dr Saul

      Species equilibration on an island from Starr. Complex and not relevant.

      Evolution animations from HHMI Biointeractive. Mostly way to advanced.

      Population Genetics and Evolution from The Biology Place. A Harvey-Weinberg simulation. Not relev= ant.

      Phy= logenetics of Ring Species from SDSC. Complex series of lessons. Not tried.

Written by Neil C Millar, Heckmondwike Gramma= r School. nmillar@heckgrammar= .kirlklees.sch.uk. Last updated May 2007.